Fast Food, Fat Food Essay

Nowadays, fast food is a very popular trend in Thailand. Teenagers think it is very smart when they go into the fast food restaurant, especially, the restaurant which is a part of foreign franchise restaurants. Not only teenagers that like fast food but also children and adults. In the busy schedule of modern times people have no time to prepare nutritious food during the day so fast food becomes a very convenient choice. However, there are several health issues related to consuming fast food; one serious concern is the connection between fast food and obesity. Because of the growth of fast food restaurants, you can see them located anywhere in daily life. For example, on the first floor of MBK Centre, there are numerous fast food restaurants, such as KFC, McDonald’s and Burger King situated not far from each other. However, at lunch time, you cannot find any seats if you arrive late. Similarly, at Chulalongkorn University there are more than 5 branches of 7-eleven, which is a shop where you can buy fast food such as sandwiches, hot dogs, and hamburgers. You would think that there are not many people there. Although there are many branches, students also have to wait in a long queue. This can show how popular fast food is. Fast food is very popular not only in Thailand but also all over the world. The information from Wikipedia showed that â€Å"Burger King has more than 11,100 restaurants in more than 65 countries, Pizza Hut is located in 97 countries with 100 branches in China, KFC is located in 25 countries and McDonald’s is located in 120 countries on 6 continents and operates over 31,000 restaurants worldwide. † Although fast food is very popular, it is not good for health because fast food is often high in carbohydrates, fat and sodium. Common menu items at fast food restaurants are fried chicken, French fries, hot dogs and ice cream. All of them are made of dangerous ingredients such as low quality bread, high fat meat and salt. The fast food bread is made from refined grains that have been modified from their natural composition, so a fraction of the nutrients in grains are removed, remaining only excessive starchy. Next ingredient is the high fat meat which can cause several health problems. Fat from animal sources is saturated fat that increased the bad cholesterol (LDL) levels which results in adverse negative effects on the health of person’s heart (â€Å"The Importance of Dietary Fat and Cholesterol†). The last dangerous ingredient is the thing that makes fast food has a delicious taste; it is salt or sodium chloride. Scientists from the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition recommend only 4 grams of salt per day because overconsumption of salt will cause high blood pressure and obesity (qtd. in â€Å"Salt†). In fact, according to the CASH survey, a Pizza Hut meal deal, which consisted of a Cheesy Bites Meat Feast, a medium Super Supreme, a portion of garlic bread, a portion of potato wedges, chicken wings, and a cheesecake dessert shared equally between four, could contain 12. 3 grams of salt per person (qtd. n â€Å"Fast food salt levels shocking†). â€Å"People are increasingly being warned against the ill effects of fast food and the potential damage they pose to human health† (Manohar). Many publications write about health problems from fast food such as nutrition deficiencies, increased cholesterol levels and diabetes. However, the most concern is obesity because this can link to many other dangerous health problems. One reason that fast food can cause obesity is because of its high calories. In one day, men need about 2,700 calories and women need about 2,000 calories but you can get excess calories from only one meal with fast food. For example, a KFC meal set includes KFC famous Bowls (Rice and Gravy), a breast of fried chicken, a box of French fries and a 32-oz Gulp of Pepsi. You can gain 790 calories from the bowl, 370 calories from the chicken, 500 calories from French fries and 425 calories from Pepsi, so from all of these you will have about 2,085 calories (â€Å"KFC Nutrition Guide†). As a consequence from the warning in many publications, the danger of fast food is widely known. However, no matter people know how it is linked to many health problems, it is also the popular choice. We cannot avoid fast food completely in our day-to-day life considering its taste, convenience and instant delivery. Fast food is suited to our everyday lifestyle, but, as we know, a little bit of everything is always good while overexposure to that â€Å"little bit† is disastrous more often than not. Fast food is not an exception to this.

Personal statement Essay

I have come to a point in life that many people have not. I have made a firm decision to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams. While there are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck. I believe in taking hold of my destiny and carving out a future for myself based on the decisions that I make in life. Life is simply too short and too precious to be left to luck alone. This is why I have chosen to continue in the pursuit of my higher education in Geography at UC in California. There have been so many opportunities in life that I have not been able to take advantage of because of the competitiveness of the working environment. I believe that this experience and background of mine will help me pursue this dream. Being an expert in this course is only the beginning of a long journey for me. I realize that it will not be easy and I look forward to that challenge. In the short term, I see myself completing this degree and fulfilling the requirements for this course. I believe that this experience will be sufficient to prepare me for the next step which is applying for a good internship position that will give me the training that I need. I eventually plan to pursue larger goals such as taking a doctoral degree and perhaps starting my own business. As the world continues to change and the workplace becomes more and more challenging and competitive, it becomes imperative for anyone looking for a successful career to not only have the drive to succeed but also the training and expertise to do so. Being able to experience all these great and wonderful cultures has created me to be more open-minded on sensitive subjects or people. One tends to give people the benefit of the doubt first no prejudgment. Two years of my high school were spent living in Malaysia, which caused me to appreciate all cultures. I am confident, therefore, that the rich and diverse academic community at UC will definitely be the perfect place for me to learn and be prepared for the challenges that lie ahead. Given my experiences in life and being a diligent student, I have personally experienced how much good work ethic can contribute to the advancement of one’s dream. I have worked tirelessly in the pursuit of my education because it is said that the one thing that nobody can ever take away from you is your education, and that is the one thing that I plan to not only gain for myself but for others as well. I have learned from my parents the critical importance of the law of giving, and I am both attracted and committed to this model of community service, particularly that â€Å"students apply skills to effect social change. † A student, I believe that my experiences as a have shown my commitment to community service for this is a testament to the character of my mother, a living testimonial to the goodwill that I would like to share. As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, â€Å"The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams†.

Coping with a wafler

Dealing with People that Make Your Life Difficult Principles of supervision week 4 Individual work 2 Abstract This paper will discuss the waffled employee and how does It compare to a hasty person. The term â€Å"waffled† generally refers to an individual who has a tough time making and sticking to decisions. Introduction A waffled is a person that stalls and changes his or her mind often. Most of the time, a â€Å"waffled† means well but fears making the wrong decision. I honestly don't see anything wrong with a person not wanting to make the wrong decision.Just be mindful of the consequences. Waffled Like most of us, a when faced with a situation, a wafer will weigh in on the pros and cons. The only negative aspect to a wafer is that his or her stalling in a fast-paced environment can be seen as a problem. The best possible way to connect with a waffled Is to develop a professional relationship, one close enough to show her she Is welcomed or liked. The key goal to co ping with a waffled is make the Individual feel accepted, a part of the team. Making a suggestion like going to lunch or how was your keen, helps out a lot when faced with a waffled.It's best that when dealing with a waffled to always provide feedback, whether good back and let the individual know you are here to help. Waffled vs. hasty person I think a waffled will focus on fitting In versus a hasty person who doesn't care to fit In. A hasty person may often display a nasty demeanor toward others for no reason at all. They could be having a bad day and they will blame you for it. A waffled is usually a pleasant individual. I have a co-worker on my job, who upon completion of this assignment, reminds me of a wafer.

The Application of Value Engineering in the Saudi Construction Essay

The Application of Value Engineering in the Saudi Construction Industry - Essay Example However, since then all government departments in Saudi Arabia have switched to using value engineering, and the Saudi government has sincerely tried to encourage the construction industry in the nation to benefit from value engineering. Value engineering is even more important today for the Saudi Arabian construction industry because moderate growth forecasts for the GDP rate demand delivery of value under conditions of intense competition and difficulty in raising finance for construction projects. This literature review presents an examination of themes that emerge from published literature about value engineering, the Saudi Arabian construction industry and the application of value engineering in the Saudi Arabian construction industry. In the year 1902, when Ibn Saud captured the garrison town of Riyadh, it was just a dusty oasis in Najd (Businessweek, 2006, Pp. 1 – 2). However, according to the previously mentioned report, a surge in oil prices and a high rate of population growth has since then created a demand for sophisticated design and construction. Today, Riyadh is no longer a dusty oasis, but a beacon to a new age of engineering prowess and the Saudi construction industry has come a long way from the standards of the year 1902. In the year 2005, the construction market in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, of which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is also a member, achieved new heights in terms of the construction contracts awarded (AME Info, 2010, â€Å"Kuwait construction industry - hitting new heights†). According to the previously mentioned article, the value of the construction contracts for the GCC region doubled at the end of the year 2006 from the figure at the end of the year 2004 due to a rapid surge in the region’s real GDP following a boom in oil prices in the years 2003 - 2006. However, since then, according to Gulf (2010, Pp. 2 – 3), financing conditions for

Construction Procurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Construction Procurement - Essay Example There are different approaches to procuring projects. These approaches are complicated since they lack clarity and particular description of particular procurement routes. The common types of procurement routes available are; For this type of procurement route, the client develops the idea of the project and comes up with a budget. A consultant prepares the design and tender documents for the scope of work to be executed. It is the work of the client to appoint a suitable contractor to execute the work according to the design. The contractor has to complete the work within the specified time frame after an agreement on the contract amount. The contractor remains in a position to sublet the work although he remains liable to the client. During the execution of works, the consultant remains as the administrator, advising the contractor in matters pertaining to design, the progress of work and payment certificates ought to be paid by the client. The contractor is therefore obliged to execute work according to the design, failure of which may lead to his disqualification. To minimize these risks, some refinements are made to this method. This refinement is called Two stage tender. The contractor’s tender relies on consultant’s design partially. This is the stage 1 tender. Thereafter, the contractor will assist in the development of the design and complete tender documents. These documents are then used to develop tenders for the work to be executed (stage 2 tender).the party involved in stage 1 tender has the opportunity to participate in the construction stage. This refinement adds risks to the final tender sum, uncertainty in date of completion of the project. The only variance that is involved in this route is called contractor design portion. This involves the consultant completing most of the work in design. The contractor completes the rest. This is only applicable when special design input is needed.  Ã‚  

Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assessment - Essay Example As a result, assessment reports on applied standards, describing the standards as applied in the learning process. It therefore forms a basis for determining existence and the level of accountability in the learning process (Popham, 2011). It is however not always fair to use assessment to determine accountability because the approach largely relies on two factors, the teacher’s responsibility and the learner’s responsibility and it is however difficult to identify and quantify each party’s responsibility in a learning process. Assessment may therefore not determine each party’s exact level of accountability (Popham, 2011). The relationship between assessment and evaluation is their common scope of obtaining information about a subject. The two processes are however different with respect to the extent of their scopes. While assessment aims at obtaining information about a subject, evaluation extends beyond acquisition of information and aims at making a decision on the subject’s value. An assessment can for example be used to observe a subject while an evaluation can be used in conducting a test for qualifying a subject (Popham,

Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analyzing Psychological Disorders - Essay Example They assert that all disorders stems primarily form learning or conditioning. The major debate that comes out of these two schools is called the ‘Nature v/s Nurture’ issue. In this work, however, I am going to take the stand of biopsychological perspective which attributes biological, psychological and social causes all to be responsible for disorders. In Part A, Schizophrenia will be analyzed in biopsychological perspective. The symptoms, causal factors and drug therapies for the disorder will also be discussed. In Part B, two other disorders, Anorexia and Anxiety will be analyzed again with the aid of biopsychological perspective and other discussions regarding their relevance to the nature-nurture issue and their treatments. While studying the symptoms of Schizophrenia, various researches have found significant difference in the structure of the brain affected by the disorder. Foremost, problems have been found in structural connectivity in the effected brains. The fluid-filled sacs that surround the brain called lateral ventricles were seen enlarged in brains with Schizophrenia. The volume of the brain is reduced and the cerebral cortex is smaller often times (Cazaban, 2003). The blood flow in frontal regions is lower and the temporal lobe is smaller. The hippocampus, amygdala and limbic system are also found to be smaller by certain researches (Cazaban, 2003). The major part of the brain affected by this disorder is the prefrontal cortex which is associated with memory that results in the disordered though. A major causal factor of Schizophrenia is described to be genetic. A number of recent studies have confirmed that this disorder can be genetically transferred. There is a strong association between the closeness of the blood relationship (i.e. level of gene sharing or consanguinity) and the risk for the disorder (Carson, Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2007 p.501). Several other twin-studies conducted also confirm that people are genetically

DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANISED CRIME,the government's (categorisation Dissertation

DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANISED CRIME,the government's (categorisation and attitude) perception towards drugs and the impact i - Dissertation Example Various studies revealed that nearly two-thirds of the organised crime groups primarily deal in drugs, though there are instances where some of these gang syndicates have expanded into other illicit and financially lucrative activities like human trafficking. The UK drug networking is not confined to the major city centres but has now expanded to spread it tentacles into the small towns, which, researches show is directly proportional to the increase in serious violence. Indeed, the basic feature of this of drug based organised criminal syndicate is not simply in the nature of its illegality but the perpetual willingness to use violent means protect and earn more profits. This article will study to find how the government and law enforcement agencies view and work to counter this extensive network of criminality that reaches into every community. Much of the criminology studies and the criminal laws tend to focus on the criminal activities perpetuated by individuals, owing to the fact that generally individual criminals are apprehended and sent for prosecution, even though they may actually be a part of a larger criminal gang. However, in the recent years we find that there is a growing interest amongst experts towards studying the structure of various criminal organisations that consist of a group of individuals come together to commit crimes, which are financially lucrative. UNDFOC which is major organisation fighting against this rising menace claims in its website that â€Å"Transnational organized crime is considered as one of the major threats to human security, impeding the social, economic, political and cultural development of societies worldwide. It is a multi-faceted phenomenon and has manifested itself in different activities, among others, drug trafficking, trafficking in human beings; trafficking in firearms; smuggling of migrants; money laundering; etc. In particular drug trafficking is one of the main activities of organized crime groups, generating enormous profits.  UNODC works closely with Governments, international organizations and civil society to strengthen cooperation to counter the pervasive influence of organized crime and drug trafficking†(UNODC and organized crime, 2011). This type of organised crime has spread very fast in almost all spheres of criminal activities, especially in the areas, which are highly profitable i n nature like human trafficking for sexual exploitation, various forms of cyber crimes, and drug trafficking, amongst many others (Fiorentini, & Peltzman, 1995). Organised crime comprises of â€Å"organised violence; heroin and other drug trafficking; organised immigration crime; non-fiscal and fiscal fraud; firearms offences; road freight crime; theft of vehicles for profit or to facilitate other crime; robbery of cash and valuables in transit; and intellectual property crime† (Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary –getting organised, 2009, 6). Perpetrators of the organised criminal activities always function with the primary motive of procuring huge profits (Reuter, &

Discuss strategies adopted by the President to improve U.S. relations Essay

Discuss strategies adopted by the President to improve U.S. relations with Iran - Essay Example Nuclear weapons have been banned in wars and only those countries that had nuclear weapons by the time of the ban in the 1960s have been allowed to keep them. These are five in number. Further, these five countries have been urged to reduce their missile heads in a wave of reducing risks of nuclear attacks. Although manufacturing of nuclear weapons goes against international treaties thus illegal, Iran has been accused of having ambitions of creating nuclear weapons. The Obama administration has been very vocal in their effort to ensure Iran does not engage in such activities. President Obama has offered to negotiate directly with Iran in an effort to improve the US relation with the Arab countries. He visited Cairo, Egypt in 2009 and expressed his willingness to work together with countries with similar visions as the US in maintaining peace. He recognized both the Israel and Palestine states and stressed the need for these nations to co-exist together. Iran’s president, Ahmedinejad has been vocal in the opposition of the creation of the Israel nation citing that Israel should be wiped off the world map. The stern and provocative comments have always jeopardized negotiation talks between the US and Iran as Israel wants to be part of the negotiations with both Israel and Iran having hard-line stands. In a negotiation meeting in 2009 held in Geneva, involving Iran and six global powers, President Obama was very critical to point out after the meeting that Iran must not use negotiations as delay tactics for it to further its nuclear ambitions. In the meeting, Iran pledged to let UN inspectors to inspect its suspected enrichment programs in return for Iran to be allowed to pursue peaceful nuclear research. Although the US and Iran have engaged in other talks like discussing the war in Afghanistan, the nuclear saga continues to be the main area of focus (Wolf, 2009). During the held negotiations, various diplomatic negotiation rules have been broken. Hard line

The Hunger Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Hunger Games - Essay Example The author has been able to portray a wonderful story of love, hate, well as unity and the guts to have fighting instincts and patience within an individual; all the qualities that help him assist his own family in surviving in the modern day as well. The trilogy incorporates three major themes, including independence, government control, and survival, to illustrate the post-apocalyptic world that lacks the foundation of the society. The Hunger Games is an excellent novel about the lives of those that have been forced to participate in the survival of the fittest. Every district must sacrifice one young boy or girl who can fight for them and help them win repute for themselves. The story revolves around the life of Katniss, a braveheart, desperately trying to seek her identity along with doing her best to survive in the hunger games. Along with her mother and sister Prim, Katniss Everdeen lives in the twelfth district of Panem, and fights every single day in order to bring a square m eal home to feed her family. She is a tough woman, with the mind and heart of a valiant man, but the emotions and feelings of a woman. On an annual basis an individual is selected from each district in order to participate in the Hunger Games; a pursuit for survival. Unfortunately for Katniss, her sister Prim gets selected, forcing her to take her place instead in order to protect her. In many ways thus, Katniss is like the man of the family, taking care of the pack, and feeding them in order to help them grow and develop day by day. Soon as she enters the Games, she meets with Peeta from another district, a young man whom she helps to survive. She teaches him all that she knows and develops intimate relations with him over time. As her feelings for him grow, she finds that survival does not only include satisfying hunger and clothing oneself, but also helping oneself mature by understanding emotions and feelings. The characters within the story itself are very compelling; they prov ide for a gripping novel which leaves the reader from doing nothing but turning the pages. Innumerable instances have been provided within the book which talk about the stability of the region that they were living in, and how the thought process of the characters participating in the games are affected by the harsh ruling over the Capitol. Katniss is a strong young woman and provides for her family; she has accepted her fate at birth and tries her best to assist them in living a substantiate lifestyle. This is clear when she says, â€Å"It was slow-going at first, but I was determined to feed us. I stole eggs from nests, caught fish in nets, sometimes managed to shoot a squirrel or rabbit for stew, and gathered the various plants that sprung up beneath my feet. Plants are tricky. Many are edible, but one false mouthful and you're dead. I checked and double-checked the plants I harvested with my father's pictures. I kept us alive.†Ã‚  (Collins, Suzanne 4.19) She has truly bee n portrayed as the rock of her family, helping to send out a moral message to all young women about their inner strength and conduct towards society and family. Despite this however, the main theme that the novel revolves around is survival of the fittest; this means that every individual needs to keep that fighting spirit alive within them in order to rebel against the imposition of oppression of the Capitol. The main purpose of the Games was to ensure that a lot of hostility erupted among

PART 2 - 2500 word essay - subject PDAS313 - Fundamentals of Staff

PART 2 - 2500 word - subject PDAS313 - Fundamentals of Staff Development - Essay Example Professor Spencer stresses the interdependence of these principles implying that no principle can stand successfully on its own without the help of the others (Riley 2009). This paper will attempt an analysis of the ten-principle package of the aforementioned Spencer Model by first, taking up one by one the ten principles composing it and summarizing these components as Professor Spencer construed and defined them. These components are then scrutinized and analyzed with respect to their significance and importance in staff development vis-à  -vis the organizational set up, keeping in mind that their inclusion in the ten-package model implies necessity of administrative intervention. After the individual analysis of these principles, then entire model is then analyzed in its entirety, with a view to establishing its authority and soundness as a staff development model. Heterogeneity, Accountability and Responsibility, Altruistic Vision. Heterogeneity, according to Spencer, is an inevitable quality of an organisation because of the individuality of the people composing based on the principle that no two persons are alike. Heterogeneity therefore can hamper staff cohesiveness, a positive quality of a good organisation necessary for its productive functioning. There is therefore, a need according to him, to distinguish between characteristics that are given and those which result from â€Å"administrative/managerial stimuli.† The first kind, Spencer says, is natural and therefore does not warrant control but the second kind, demands confrontation as such behavior may run counter to organisational productivity and goals in general (Riley 2009 10-11). On the other hand, the attitudinal principles of accountability and responsibility have something to do with the acceptance of the duties that come with the assumption of a position in an organisation. The difference between the two terms, according to Spencer, is that

How to Break Bad Habits and Create Positive Ones Essay Example for Free

How to Break Bad Habits and Create Positive Ones Essay Everyone has one: a bad habit (or habits†¦) we wish we could break. Unfortunately, breaking a bad habit — as anyone who has ever bitten their nails, smoked, or mindlessly snacked in front of the TV knows — is not that simple. Breaking habits is hard, but with a little determination, it is achievable. There is a reason habits are hard to break. The majority of our habits are good for us, allowing our brain to complete certain tasks on autopilot which frees space for decision making, creativity, and quick action. But the brain does not discriminate between good and bad habits; once something becomes a routine, whether it’s helpful or harmful, your brain will perform it automatically, which can make it hard to stop. Step 1: Identify the habit All habits serve a purpose. Brushing your teeth first thing in the morning prevents cavities, stopping at a red light prevents car accidents, and eating cupcakes when you’re feeling low can deliver comfort. To make positive improvements, start by identifying your problem habit and its underlying cause. Step 2: Replace it Once you’ve identified your habit and its trigger, find something positive to take its place. If you eat to wind down after a long day of work, replace food with a walk or yoga. If you bite your nails, try chewing gum. If you smoke to relieve stress, try meditation. Step 3: Keep the commitment Once you’ve decided to break your habit and replace it with something positive, write it down. Keeping a journal of your progress can hold you accountable while serving as a great progress marker. If you’re truly  committed to making your new positive habits stick, complete your new habit daily for 30 days. The more consistent you are, the easier it will be to continue. Step 4: Be prepared for hiccups Through this process, it’s important to remember that habits are habits for a reason — they serve a purpose and our mind is trained to complete them with little to no effort. Be kind to yourself and be patient; all of your attempts to change habits will not be successful immediately. Expect bumps along the way but continue to push through. When in doubt, think positively. If you are at wit’s end and the only thought in your head is â€Å"I can’t do this†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , make it a positive. â€Å"I can’t do this, but it will get easier.†

Housing Industry In Malaysia Construction Essay

Housing Industry In Malaysia Construction Essay House is a basic need for human. This need must be fulfilling in order to make an individual live in good health and safety. Therefore, one of the social objectives in country development is to provide housing facilities to people not just to fulfil their basic need but also for economic growth of the country. To meet the increasing housing need, ministry of housing and local government always make a review of housing policy to draft more compressive national housing policy. The matters that government take into consideration in order to undertake the housing project is as follows: Need, demand and supply Land for housing Finance Human resources Technology, design of materials, standards Law Infrastructure, utilities and social services Socio-culture, socio-politic and socio-economic Research and development Maintenance of development and infrastructure Data centers and information of housing These policies implemented based on the Eighth Malaysia Plan (2001-2005) and continued during the Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010). In the Ninth Malaysia Plan, the development of housing sectors continues to be focused in order to provide adequate house to people. Population growth rapidly especially in urban areas due to demographic factors, rapidity of industry sector, increase of investment, financial system and technology encourage housing policy to be continued in Ninth Malaysia Plan. By 2020, the population of Malaysia is expected to increase to 32 million people or 65% of the resident in urban areas. Due to population growth, the need and demand for house is also expected to increase. Housing is the important strategic sector in economic, so is expected the housing investment will be concentrated in urban areas. In 1994, housing industry produces 7.3 billion outputs and contributes 12% to national income (Ali Azhar, 2000). 2.2 HOUSING INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA In providing housing, government and the private sector has an important social responsibility. This responsibility includes the provision of social infrastructure and a healthy environment for residents. This responsibility is important in order to overcome the problems such as poverty and solidarity among the people. Housing industry in Malaysia involve public (Government) and private sector and also joint venture between the two sectors to meet the need of all community in Malaysia. Therefore, housing development in Malaysia is implemented by the public and private sector (National Housing Department). Housing provision for all community in Malaysia is carried out by public and private sector as follows: 2.2.1 Public Sector (Government sector) Integrated public housing program Project Perumahan Rakyat Bersepadu (PPR) Housing Loan Scheme Skim Pinjaman Perumahan (SPP) Housing under the Land and Regional Development Agencies. Perumahan Di Bawah Pembangunan Tanah dan Wilayah Housings Economic Development Agency Perumahan Kemajuan Ekonomi Government Quarters Perumahan Kakitangan Kerajaan PPR and SPP program in public sector is provide especially for lower income group to achieve the government aims which is to improve the quality of life and combat the poverty problem. This program was undertaken by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government. For the Housing under the land and regional development agency such as FELDA, FELCRA, KEJORA, KETENGAH and so on is establish for the purpose to provide a home or house for people involved in land and regional planning and also include the local resident who moved due to the opening of new agricultural areas, while state economic development cooperation (PKEN) and urban development cooperation (UDA) are involved in the development of commercial, industrial and construction. For the government quarters, the aim is to provide the housing facilities to the government employees especially for low-income employees. 2.2.2 Private Sector Licensed Private Housing Developers Perumahan Pemaju Swasta Berlesen Cooperative Housing Perumahan Koperasi Special Low Cost Housing Perumahan Khas Perumahan Kos Rendah (PKPKR) Individual and Group Housing Perumahan Individu dan Kumpulan The housing that develops by private sector is like detached house, terrace, flat, apartments, shops and town house that consist of low, modest and high cost. Special low cost housing is a special program implemented during the period 1986 to 1989. This program is a partnership between public and private sector. Federal government and state government plays a role in providing incentives as well as the facilitator for the developer who participate in the program, while the private sector involved in construction activities. Individual and group housing include both formal and informal housing. Formal housing is housing that less than 4 units, and was develop with approval from local authorities, while not formal housing include the construction of residential houses without obtaining approval from relevant authorities such as traditional house, village house, squatters, labor camps and floating house (Elinawati, 2003). 2.3 LEGISLATIN IN THE MALAYSIA HOUSING INDUSTRY Currently there are about 700 federal acts in force in many fields and certain condition. In Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Act 1996 is the key in controlling the activities of developers in order to protect the interest of home buyers. But there are other legislations that play an important role either directly or indirectly in the activities of housing industry. Therefore, all the weakness and imperfections of such laws will affect the housing industry. The following is a list of legislation that plays a role in the housing industry: Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Act 1996 (act 118) Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (act 172) Roads, drains and building Act 1974 (act 133) Town Planning Act 1995 (act 538) Fire Service Act 1988 ( act 341) Bank and Financial Institutions Act 1989 (act 372) Contract Act 1950 (act 136) Government Contract Act 1949 (act 120) Environmental Quality Act 1974 (act 127) Regulations and Orders Land Acquisition Act 1960 (act 486) and the Rules Ordinances Acquisition of Land (compensation)(special provision)1948 [P.T.M.Ord.21/1948) Strata Titles Act 1948 (act 318) Licensed Land Surveyor Act 1958 (act 458) Quantity Surveyor Act 1967 ( act 487) National Land Code 1965 (act 56/1965) Additionally, by-law enacted according to Road, drains and building act is as follows: Uniform Building By Law 1984 Earthworks By Law 1985 While the by-law under the Housing Development (Control and Licensing) 1966 are: Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Regulations 1989 Housing Developers ( Housing Development Account) Regulations 1991 2.4 PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE MALAYSIA HOUSING INDUSTRY In the housing industry, there are several organizations that play an important role as the Ministry of Housing and Local Government (KPKT) or local authorities, developers, contractors, professionals and home buyer (Leong Seng, 2001) 2.4.1 Ministry of Housing and Local Government Ministry of Housing and Local Government was establishing on May 24, 1964 under the name of the Local Government and Housing. On July 18, 1978 the ministry has changed the organizations and reorganize under the name of Ministry of Housing and Local government. This establishment is the result of a combination of the ministry of housing and rural development with the local government which previously located under the Ministry of Local Government and Federal Territories (www.kpkt.gov.my). Ministry of Housing and Local Government has a number of divisions and department that are closely related to the housing industry as below: National Landscape Department Solid Waste Management Corporation and Public Cleansing Town and Country Department Fire and Rescue Department Local Government National Housing Department Solid Waste Management Department Training Institute of the Ministry of Housing and Local Government. The main role of KPKT is to ensure the development of housing industry is in clean and maintained to ensure the interest of house buyers. The licensing and advisory services in KPKT are entrusted to manage issuance of licenses, advertising permits and sales to developers. Developer who built a house more than 4 units to sell is required to obtain licenses, advertising permits and sales from KPKT. Only private developers are required to obtain the licenses, advertising permits and sales, cooperative and state cooperation are exempted from the licenses, advertising permits and sales. However, private developer also can be exemption from the licenses, advertising permits and sales, but in certain condition that was stated below: Build less than 4 unit house. Construct more than 4 unit house, but not making any sales. Construct the houses but sold after a certificate of fitness (CFO) is full. To ensure the guaranteed of buyers interest, all housing developer is compulsory to open an account in bank or financial institution specifically for each housing project. The account is to ensure that the housing developers use the housing buyers money in appropriate manner. Under the Housing Developers (Housing Development Account) Regulations 1991 all the money collected from purchasers and all loan obtain by the developer from bank or financial institution must be put into this account. All withdrawals from this account must be comply with the objectives set out in regulation 7 in Housing Developer (Housing Development Account) Regulations 1991 and controlled by the bank or financial institution and a certificate from registered architect or engineer who is responsible for that housing project. The monitoring and Enforcement department of KPKT will monitor the project and enforce the law. Enforcement officer will visit the construction site to ensure that the progressing of the project follows the schedule. Because of too many housing projects and the small number of enforcement officer, surveillance is done at random and selectively. 2.4.2 National Housing Development (JPN) National housing development also plays a role in the housing industry in develop a progressive and integrated community. JPN has high commitment in assisting the state government to provide the affordable and comfortable house through the planning, provision, and implementation of low-cost public housing such as integrated public housing program (PPR). The functions of JPN are: Providing the basis of planning and policy related to the development of housing construction to help KPKT draft the policy, strategies and housing development plans for the country. Carry out research on building technology, construction and design with local universities as well as undertaking socio-economic studies and the effectiveness of the housing projects of public and private sectors. Help government and private developer in planning and coordination of their housing projects and the building. Provide technical consultancy service such as land surveying, architectural, civil and structural engineering, mechanical engineering, contract management, management in the public housing project. Providing loans to those who are not able to get loans to build or buy a house. 2.4.3 Housing Developer Public developer is consisting of government agency or the corporations that control by the state or federal government. Their responsibility is to implement policies, guideline and national housing policy to protect the welfare of the poor people. All of the activities that undertaken by the government agency or corporations are not subject to the Housing Developer (control and licensing) Act 1996 and its regulations as bound by their respective government. To achieve the national housing policy, government has planned a number of housing programs like the following below in order to meet the demand of low-income group. Integrated public housing program Housing Lon Scheme Housing under Land and Regional Development Agencies Economic Housing Development Agency Government Quarters For private developers companies, if they want to develop a housing project they should get the housing licenses from KPKT as stated in section 5 of the Housing Developers (Control and Licensing) act 1996. Private sector involvement is important in order to achieve the policy objective because without the private sector, government is not able to provide housing to meet community needs. In the private sector, the program implemented are diverse and in demand from time to time. The housing development by private sector involved various categories and type of housing especially a medium and high price. Housing program can be categorized as follows: Private Licensed Housing Developers Special Low cost Housing Program (PKPKR) Individual and Group Housing 2.4.4 The Contractor In a housing scheme, the contractor is the second most important after a housing developer because they would involve themselves directly in the construction process and implementation of the project. If contractor have problem, so indirectly it also bring the problem to the developer and thus affect the housing industry. This is because the Housing Developers (Control and Licensing) act 1996 and regulations stipulated that the licensed developer need to complete the construction project within 2 years and if cannot be completed, developer must apply to extend the period of the development by giving the specific reasons. When developers get an approval for planning permission, they will appoint certain contractors to begin work on construction site. Normally the developer will appoint a main contractor who has a good record and demonstrated their ability to implement the project. After that, the main contractor will appoint contractors to carry out minor works in accordance with their respective areas of expertise. For the certain big developer company they not need to appoint a contractor to perform the construction work because they have their own contractors and expert team. The contractors involved in the construction industry need to get a license from the Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia or CIBD according to certain procedures. They will be given specific training in their respective field so that the quality of the construction industry can be enhanced from time to time. Contractors who wish to commence operations need to be registered in the Construction Service Centre (PKK), according to the ability of the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development and their respective classes. 2.4.5 Professionals In housing scheme, developers is the first one who plan and identify the location that housing project want to be carried out. From the beginning of the implementation process until complete, developer need a expertise from various of field such as Real Estate Valuer, Architect, Engineers, Quantity Surveyors, Land Surveyor, financial institution and lawyer to provide all the conditions required by the government department. Developer needs the Property Valuers expertise to ensure that the proposed site is suitable to be developed. The valuers will examine factors such as the value of surrounding real estate market around, the distance from the city center to the site, the facilities in the surrounding, the ability and taste the local population, the types and the prices of house that suitable to develop in that site, so report can be prepared to the developer. If the Feasibility study report show that the site is potentially to be developed, the developer will get the site either by the way of purchasing the land or through Land Acquisition Act 1960 (Act 486). When the developer gets the land, he will appoint consultant to undertake the project. For a large development company, they usually have their own consultant and set it up as subsidiary. At this stage, consultant should prepare a site plan, layout plan, and drainage to the local authority for approval. If the land is developed to be bound by any condition or restriction of interest and need to apply for subdivision, partition, or amalgamation so the land surveyor will play a role in these process until the approval from the State Authority (PBN). Architect and Engineers play a role in providing design plans and building involved in the project implementation stage. Architect need to design the type of housing that will be developed based on the taste of buyers and accordance with current developments. According to Razali Agus, designing a house is important factor to attract house purchasers. Before the construction process begins, engineers need to require the quantity surveyor to identify the materials needed and the cost required in providing these materials. Engineer is responsible to ensuring that all construction work is follows the Building plan prepared by the architect and follow the development schedule. While for the lawyer, they involved in Sale and Purchase Agreement (SPA) of the Housing Developers (Control and Licensing) Act 1966 requires the attorney to provide the letter of the agreement. He lawyer also responsible for ensuring that all content is understood by the buyer before signing the SPA. The role of financial institutions is financing the activities of housing development. The developer must obtain loan from financial institutions to finance the cost of housing project undertaken. Money that borrowed from financial institutions to the developer and the money paid by the purchaser should be put in housing development account and controlled by the institution. 2.4.6 House Purchaser House purchaser is the most important group in housing industry because the success of failure the industry will determine by them, whether in term of financial capability, taste, and desire to own a house. The main factor influencing the decision of the house buyers is the ability to buy a house. 2.5 GOVERNMENT HOUSING LOAN 2.5.1 Basic Condition for Government Housing Loan The basic condition for government housing loan is: Government employees with fixed position Malaysian Application form submitted 6 month before retirement or termination of service Have served at least 1 year The position have been confirm Not a bankrupt person or a debtor person or not capable or being disciplinary action 2.5.2 Qualification Rate of Housing Loan Qualification rate of the loan is applied for the judges, the civil officer and members of general forces in Malaysia. The eligible amount of loan is as follow table 2.1: NUM MONTHLY WAGE LOAN ELIGIBLITY 1. RM 3500 and above RM 300,000 2. RM 3000 to RM 3499 RM 250,000 3. RM 2500 to RM 2999 RM 220,000 4. RM 2000 to RM 2499 RM 200,000 5. RM 1500 to RM 1999 RM 160,000 6. RM 1200 to RM 1499 RM 130,000 7. RM 1000 to RM 1199 RM 100,000 8. RM 800 to RM 999 RM 80,000 9. RM 600 to RM 799 RM 60,000 10. RM 599 and below RM 40,000 Table 2.1: Wages and Eligibility Amount of Loan (Sources: http://www.treasury.gov.my) 2.6 FACTORS OF SURPLUS SUPPLY IN HOUSING INDUSTRY The factors that affect oversupply of housing is: 2.6.1 The Weak of Purchasers Income Growth According to the Malaysia Sixth and Eighth Plan, the weak of the purchaser income growth is the major factor lead to oversupply in housing sector. 2.6.2 Difficulty in Getting a Loan Malaysia sixth Plan also stated that difficulty in getting the government loan is also the factor of housing oversupply. The special loan scheme that introduced by Bank Negara Malaysia in 1982 and new condition imposed by the housing loan scheme reduced the demand for house. 2.6.3 Higher Interest Rate Higher interest rate is also a factor why the surplus in housing supplies. 2.6.4 Higher House Price Higher house prices are also among one of the factors that cause oversupply. Housing prices offered by the developer has reduced the high demand for housing units since most of them are not able to buy the house. 2.6.5 Location Location is also a factor in the oversupply of housing. If a house is locate far from the city center, from work place and from the public facilities is the factor why the purchaser not interested in that house. 2.6.6 Design Usually the design of the house that offers by the developer is simple and the spaces are limited. 2.7 CONCLUSION From the discussion of chapter 2, we can understand in general about the housing industry in Malaysia. In Malaysia, housing industry not just only run by the government but, also run by private parties. The government is also responsible to outlining and reviewing housing policies for the formulation of more comprehensive national housing policy. This policy is necessary to meet a proposed project to be implemented in the Malaysia Eighth Plan. Many people are involved in order to stabilize the housing industry in Malaysia. They play a vital role in helping the government to increase the housing industry. With the cooperation of all sectors or parties, the Malaysia housing industry sectors is expected to be more advanced and competitive in providing housing to meet requirement of the government and people, especially in Kelantan.

Recovery Plan in a Nuclear Scenario

Recovery Plan in a Nuclear Scenario Introduction This paper will focus on a recovery plan that is designed to offer a better approach on how different matters should be handled on a different platform. This reflect the fact that a recovery plan determined the reliable application on different notions, so that all situation can be handled in a more resilient perspective.   More so, a recovery plan defines a target that is to be fulfilled which means it offers a recovery strategy on an incident that has occurred and what is supposed to be done in order the situation can be in control. However, in order to have an efficient recovery plan, some credentials ought to be facilitated so that there will be no effects due to the course of recovering any incident. In this case, technological aspect ought to be considered, data obtained ought to be analyzed, resources available so that the recovery aspect can be effective. Among other factors that are required is that consideration of different vulnerabilities that are prone to emerge during the recovery plan ought to be defined so that disruption during the process can be enhanced. This paper will prissily focus on a recovery plan on Nuclear Scenario in San Francisco. It out of this that highly enriched uranium (HEU) has massively destroyed the building and immediate surrounding areas and other factors in the city. Hence, the main idea is to initiate a structure that will help the people involved and the city at large more so, to analyses the problem and know how the issue can be dealt with, including the emerging factors.   When a nuclear disaster occurs, it is important to learn the outcomes that are expected in order to deal with the affected casualties; this is the main agenda of th e recovery plan. Objectives of the recovery plan The plan aims at ensuring that the nuclear scenario will not affect more people in the society than it has currently. This will be achieved by ensuring that all the factors to control the situation are identified, and hence the outcome will not be that adverse. Additionally, mitigating any influential elements is the best way to decide which of the ways are essential in order to reduce the number of causalities. This will cut across various agencies, and thus the help of the government will be needed this is as stated by McFee, (2007). Another aim is to provide measures, which can be used in a case such a situation occurs again. This will serve as a plan, which will serve the purpose in future. Therefore it is also subjected to changes in order to fit the nuclear situation at that time. To offer a solution to the situation is another objective and for this to be achieved then various factors are necessary this include the overall element of resources and time not forgetting dedicatio n. Explain the specific agent used in the attack and the effects of the agent on the victims and surrounding areas. Any agent can respond the nuclear attack that occurred better since every agent is trained to have the ability to detect, prevent, preempt and deter any signs that may result to any emergencies. For this case, the agents should be in a position to protect and restore essential service so that the environment can be maintained. More so, to compensate victims is another aspect that specific agent should offer because it is quite evident that many people are highly affected because San Francisco is referred to as the heart of the city which means that many people show up in the city. More so this is related to the fact that people who are affected area seek shelter in safe areas because they are left displaced these impacts are caused by the blast, thermal radiation, prompt radiation that occurred (Mahan, Griset, 2013). However, every agent should be in a position to react because the actual occurrence of injuries does not stop when a nuclear attack is experienced. This means that measures should be enhanced like lifesaving efforts so that life can be saved in one way or another since there is reflected the fact that San Francisco is affected by the nuclear attack which means that the building and immediate surrounding areas are completely destroyed. More so, mass casualties are reported which means every agent should be proactive in issues that emerge by addressing the evacuation or sheltering-in-place decisions for the potential victims. Additional the agents should offer short evacuation so that effectiveness can be obtained in offering victim car. In this recovery plan, all people involved should be in a position to quickly leading to a shortage of willing, qualified, and trained workers so that every situation and casualties can be help in a more efficient manner. This is done so that effective action can be taken and safe what is left after the nuclear attack. The attack and the effects of the agent on the victims and surrounding areas are that attribution activities will be enhanced so that the affected victims can be given care. More so, compensation can be done because most of the people are left homeless federal authority, or any military will be in the for the front to offer apprehension in dealing with the situation. Explain symptoms victims will experience and display. A nuclear attack has both short-term effects and long terms effects, which affect the victims are affected in a different way depending on the exposure aspect that was involved in the blast that emits radiations. Different symptoms will be seen in one way or another this means that symptoms like vomiting, skin rashes, and an intense unquenchable thirst as their hair falls will be highly experienced to the affected victims. Due to the light that is emitted from the explosion, most of the people are affected and are prone to be blinded in one way or another. This is a common effect the affects people in San Francisco because most of the people are prone to look the light directly due to the mass that the city has which means that victims lost their eyesights.   Death is another effect that is facilitated due to the nuclear explosion because the gamma ray burst this is a symptom that will be experienced in one way or another. In addition, the nuclear attack displays different effects in the environment, for instance, the building, and immediate surrounding areas are completely destroyed. This means that the environment structure is highly affected because the nuclear setting is designed to explode and bring down all things that are within.   On the other had theirs the aspect of Mass casualties that are reported this means that some symptoms are depicted. Since San Francisco is known for its dense fog, mild temperatures and cool breezes this factor highly motivate the nuclear attack since explosion  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   increase the radiation aspect, which means that it is hard, so the factors to be emitted since the radiations that are emitted are highly motivated. Identify which government agencies (local, state, and federal) will need to be involved in response to the terrorist attack. All Federal authorities or the military setting in all local, state and federal should be enhanced in respect of the attack. This is because they can be in a position to respond to the attack on a more professional aspect since they have the credentials that are required to provide the basic care to the affected people by delivering them to the hospital facilities so that care can be offered. Additionally, there is the aspect of clearing and determining what the cause and how the explosion occurred. Federal authorities or the military can define detection of a small nuclear device with highly enriched uranium (HEU) so that if there is another explosion that is vulnerable can be deterred in a more professional aspect so that people cannot be affected. It is out of this that the situation can be held in control because the situation can be kept under control. This is the primary reason every agent should be involved in responseing to the terrorist attack so that they can control the situation since they cannot be affected due to the protections aspect. However, the response that is offered is based on preparedness, which is updated by mutual aid in emergences that are to emerge, in addition all agenesis are structured to have a response plan for any attack that I venerable, this means that a better manner of handling the situation can be obtained in a more critical aspect. More so, activeness and determination define different government agencies since they recognize and believe in assisting and eradicating attacks that occur. Still, all government agencies setting is to find and address perceptions of threats that are caused by the nuclear attack.   Explain the appropriate role and responsibility for all agencies involved. Appropriate role and responsibility for all agencies involved in a nuclear attack are to offer a framework that will respond to the emerging factors of the attack. To begin with, the first responsibility is that all state agenesis has the responsibility for the public health and welfare of the people involved in the attack. This means that they should respond effectively and offer first aid care in a more transparent aspect so that lives can be saved. The local agenesis has the responsibility of communicating to other agenesis so that action can be taken in all aspect. The federal agenesis should offer the responsibility of maintaining a wide array of capability and resources that can be used to deter another attack hence they secure every person involved and the recourses in general. The appropriate role of all agencies is to respond in a dynamic manner that will make that the situation is standardized, this can be enhanced by establishing a strong working relationship. By doing this, the situation can be dealt with in a more appropriate manner that will be defined. In addition, all involved agencies should be in a position to support participation in all mitigation efforts that will enable people who are affected fell more secure. All agencies role in the nuclear attack is narrowed down to three factors, which are to ensure that every emergency plan is well emulated and take account the needs of individuals who are involved. More so, it is to protect person, property, and structures that are affected by the explosion. Another significant role the involved agenesis should play is to encourage residents to participate in volunteering aspect that will see to it the situation is under control. . List communication methods between first responders and involved agencies; and identify necessary information that will need to be communicated to the public Emergency preparedness is based on the communication platform that is developed between the first responder and involved agencies.   Hence, the use of use of interoperable, backbone communications systems will offer a clear understanding of the situation. Hence, in it important to identify a better communication aspect that will deliver the message effectively. The communication method that should be enhanced involves all aspect of communication so that the situation can be controlled more so by providing a plan on how to take charge of the situation. This is done so that the masses of people can get information in different ways and know how they will deal with the emerging factors. It is by doing this that the purpose of the how to handle the situation will be identified and better logistics will be facilitated in more competence aspects. The type of communication methods between first responders and involved agencies that are involved will define the concept of operation. Hence everybody will be assigned different responsibilities to undertake this is as stated by Apikyan, Diamond, (2015). In addition, the plan that is developed and maintains the whole situation, like emergency planers should anticipate both active and passive aspect in the whole process which will include addressing all hazards and should elicit participation in acquiring assumption about the threats. However, the necessary information that will need to be informed to the public involve how to they should keep off the place that has been attacked. More so, if there is relevant information about expected attack their agencies should be informed immediately so that the situation can be deterred. This are so of the fundamental principles that should be expected to be portrayed when certain situation occurs so that an immediate plan can be facilitated in an effective manner. Explain the unique challenges first responders will face when responding to the attack. A nuclear attack is one the dangerous attack that can occur within a given area; this is because it is hard to come up with a plan that is effective in dealing with the situation on effective measures. This is because the grammar rays that are emitted when the explosive occur are reflected back even after some time, hence the first responders might be faced with different challenges while dealing with the situation. Since the nuclear attack is a technological accident, first responder may not be in a position to identify which are the appropriate approach that is supposed to be offered in the situation. This means that different responders can offer a different view on how the situation will be dealt with without knowing the repercussions that will be resulted in the situation. Another challenge is that there will be challenges to command and control the people involved for instance in the San Franciscos City Hall, which is in the heart of the city it will be hard for the respondent to act because there will be a reaction all people reacting due to the explosion. More so, managing is a vital aspect that ought to be counterchecked so that the attack can be controlled this means that the first responders will not be in a position to manage effectively since nuclear attack causes tension because of the light that is emitted and the heat. This means that first responders will be faced with the challenge of not being able to achieve the core factor of being in a position to bring the whole situation in control. Identify the proper Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) that will be needed when responding to the attack. To respond to a nuclear attack, radiation safety equipments ought to be facilitated so that the person who is responding to the attack cannot be affected as well. In this case, facilitation of StemRads solution can be used since it is evident that this type of Personnel Protective Equipment is equal to the grammar rays that are elicited from the explosion. In this case, StemRads solution offers protection in all parts of the body, and this is the only protection aspect that can be used in order to deal with a nuclear attack since there are not repercussions that are facilitated in the process since it is a full package of that is designed for that purpose only.   More so, it is a sensitive Personnel Protective Equipment because it offers innovative measure in protection aspect and detecting aspect as well. On the other hand, it is designed to overcome selectively shields tissues increased radio sensitivity, and lighter is weight. Health issues are not vulnerable is the person responding to a nuclear attack is equipped with this aspects, this is because they cannot get any contact with gamma radiations. In addition, actuate radiation system offers transparency in dealing with the situation in a more professional manner. Address how first responders should establish a perimeter and how large the containment effort should be. Managing nuclear attach consequences calls for valid and appropriate measures that will be facilitated by certain parameters that define the whole function. In this case, the responders should enhance constitute a potential parameter that is based on an accurate overview of potential events that gives a brief description of the information in the nuclear attack so that the response actions, including the suggested elements, can be affirmed. In this case, the parameter that the responders ought to enhance should be based y the environmental factor of the region, the population of the region, and resource that are within the region where the nuclear aspect occur. This means that initial warning parameter should be offered so that the protocol followed should remain consistent hence clarity can be obtained in the situation. This depends on how the affected people are willing to be helped to so that they can get out of the situation. On the other hand, there is the aspect of defining the potential targets as a parameter so that their wellbeing is not interference. More so, this aspect offers an in depth vulnerability in the parameter perspective since first responders are in a position to identify the root cause of the problem and know what is expected for them to do, it is out of this that decision making should be in line with the parameter offered. On the other hand, there is the aspect of first responders whole should provide an initial assessment that will embark in the parameter formulation should define what should be done in the surveillance of a hazard caused by the nuclear attack. This is done so that information of the people involved can be delivered in a more resilient aspect. By facilitating this mass, care can be obtained by determining the safety parameters. This fact that reflects that containment effort should be effective and efficient in order to deter all protocol that is enhanced when the attack occurs. Explain what sort of decontamination procedures and equipment will be necessary to treat victims. Nuclear attach causes skin related problems due to the heat and radiations, more so the eyes are affected, and to forget due to the blast the ears will be affected. However, the sort of decontamination procedure and equipment that will be necessary to treat victims will be based on therapy aspect. This is because various disorder are caused due to the blast that occurs for instance, there are diagnosis and therapy procedures that ought to be initiated. For the affected people in terms of external aspect ought to be treated in medical care facilities that are well equipped so that it can offer different capabilities of how the will deal with emerging situations. The decontamination procedures are based on nature the nuclear attack that has occurred, this means effectiveness should be offered in all facilities so that affected victims can be treated appropriately. The equipments that are necessary to treat affected victim are radioactive iodine which is used in therapy aspect and can treat issues like cancer and other related medical conditions in victims. Another equipment is the use of scans radioactive materials called radiopharmaceuticals or radiotracers, which is used to deter the situation in victims (Aà ¯Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¡blokov, Nesterenko,   Nesterenko, Sherman, 2009). Identify the appropriate decontamination stage for the attack, and explain initial decontamination considerations. The appropriate decontamination process for the nuclear attack is identifying the situation, and what factors led the attack. By defining the problem, a better understanding can be enhanced in all agencies involved so that a better respond can be obtained and take charge of the situation.   The use of securing decontamination can be enhanced so that people can be eradicated from the seen with quick measurers as possible. More so, some consideration can do by educating different people so that they can be in a position to control the situation. More so, a gross decontamination should be reflective to the mass decontamination by considering this it means that responders can be in a position to control the attack and save people, by having a close relationship with other volunteers the situation can be controlled in a more resilient aspect. Explain the type of evidence first responders should be looking for, and how first responders can preserve any evidence. As it is clear, the first responders need to look for any signs or symptoms that the people may have regarding the attack. This includes the mentioned signs and symptoms and hence reduce the reactions that will be taking place among the victims. Out of this and with the use of appropriate procedures, then identifying the evidence will not only be easier but also ensure that mitigating factors are controlled. In order to achieve this, they need to look for evidence in the affected area, to identify this they need to have a little knowledge on how the highly enriched uranium reacts with the metal and other substance. They can be in a position to identify some of the identifiable reactive substances, which hence will enable diagnose of the scene. This can include metals or other elements like as plastic, and how they react with the highly enriched uranium element. Once they are aware, then it is evident that they shall restrict the people from going close to the reaction. This is not limited to the area of explosion alone but also to the scene which has been affected. Radiation occurs through waves. Therefore it is important for the responders to carry some of the equipment, which can help identify the waves of the radiations. With such response, they will be able to not only find the evidence but also prevent any further damage. Discuss the effect the attack will have on the area. Having known that San Francisco has a range of approximately 200 to nearly 1000 feet, and then it is clear that the highly enriched uranium will have adverse effects on the city. This is supported by various properties, which make Uranium a highly dangerous element. In this case, the surrounding will be destroyed and due to the range, that San Francisco has. The area affected will not only be large but also the destruction caused will be massive thus considering it as part of the effect on the area. Additionally, the losses incurred will not only be many but also result in a huge setback. Putting in mind that there is the use of one-way street, it clearly explains how great a commotion can occur; this is based on the confusion, which can be experienced. Out of this, then it clear that the effects can be broadly categorized into various ways. The overall confusion can affect people who are traumatic, and since the place is suitable to support the highly enriched uranium element, it makes it suitable for the attack. Conclusion To sum up, the recovery plan, having leant the outcome and effects and mitigating factors it is clear that appropriate measures can be taken to deter such a situation. More so, with the help of first responder and identified agencies either in the local aspect, state or federal agencies can be can play a huge role in the recovery of the city. Since San Francisco has suitable condition for highly enriched uranium (HEU) that attack may result in adverse effects, however with the help of the first responder and other influential bodies within the state the recovery plan will be a success. References Aà ¯Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¡blokov, A., Nesterenko, V., Nesterenko, A. Sherman, J. (2009). Chernobyl : consequences of the catastrophe for people and the environment. Boston, Mass: Published by Blackwell Pub. on behalf of the New York Academy of Sciences. Allison, G. (1996). Avoiding nuclear anarchy : containing the threat of loose Russian nuclear weapons and fissile material. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Apikyan, S. Diamond, D. (2015). Nuclear Terrorism and National Preparedness. Dordrecht u.a: Springer Netherlands Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press.Leikin, J. McFee, R. (2007). Handbook of nuclear, biological, and chemical agent exposures. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Mahan, S. Griset, P. (2013). Terrorism in Perspective. San Francisco: SAGE.   Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/ppt/pdfs/PPE_Interim_Guidance_6-10-08.pdf Rosenbloom, D., Williams, M. Watkins, B. (2010). The effects of nuclear war. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific. Retrieved from https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/prep_nuclear_fact_sheet.pdf

Overall Summary on Existing Customer Service at Morrisons plc :: Business Management Studies

Overall Summary on Existing Customer Service at Morrisons plc After analysing the results I have obtained from the questionnaire, I have concluded that the majority of the public that shopped at Morrisons felt that the customer service overall is very good. Morrisons customers feel that the customer service is generally good because they are offered a lot of assistance from staff and also are given advice if requested by the customer. There are lots of facilities designed to make a visit to Morrisons as convenient and comfortable as possible for the general public. This is one of the causes for the customer service being rated as very good by the present customers I have surveyed. Morrisons have extended opening hours, including Sunday trading. This is so that customers have more flexibility on the time they prefer to shop. This is good for the customers who work or study because they tend to be free in the evening to shop. The parking facilities for the customers at the Mayo Avenue Morrisons store, has an extensive free car parking area. This includes spaces for parents with children and also drivers who have disabilities. At Morrisons there are Cash-Point machines for most major banks. This includes HSBC bank and Lloyds TSB. This is so that customers can withdraw money at the store and do not need to travel to the bank so that they can withdraw money from their bank account. There are recycling facilities including glass, can, bottle, paper and textile banks. This encourages customers to recycle. Also customers do not have to travel to other banks in Bradford to recycle. Morrisons have their own petrol station where petrol, diesel, free of charge tyre pumps are available and also confectionary and newspapers are on sale inside the petrol pump store. The tyre pumps enable customers to check the pressure of their vehicle tyres and can also pump the tyres if necessary. The Morrisons petrol pump is open long hours so that customers can utilise the pump during the period they shop at Morrisons in the late evening. At Morrisons, there are customer cafes offering snacks and hot meals freshly prepared in-store throughout the day. This is good for the customers with a busy schedule and also those who do not like to cook. For the parents and the babies there are baby-changing rooms with facilities. There are nappy dispensers and also a machine where you can purchase nappies from the vending machine. For all customers there are toilet facilities where there are soap dispensers. For the special needs customers there are disabled toilets that are specially designed for the customers with disabilities.

Technology For Special Needs Children Essay -- Education

Computers and educational technology can be powerful tools for assisting children with special needs and disabilities. Computers can help children with attention deficit disorders focus more effectively on their learning tasks and can also assist autistic children by improving their communications and interactions with peers as they use computers together. This topic became very important to me when my cousin was born deaf. He is only three now but the assistive technology that awaits him during his educational career are very promising. Assistive technology includes adaptive tools that help students with disabilities to learn and perform tasks better in their daily life (Kauchak, Eggen, Carter, page 390). Adaptations to computers can assist children who have severe physical impairments or those who cannot interact with a standard computer unless certain adaptations have been made. Adaptations to computer input devices include hardware options like voice-controlled devices, trackballs, touch screens and adapted keyboards can assist children with special physical needs and make computers and technology more accessible to them. Blind or visually impaired children can use voice activated machines or special Braille keyboards to input information into computers. There are computers and special equipment designed to assist deaf learners as well; captioned video with subtitles helps deaf children follow along with the rest of the class while watching educational videos, and when teachers incorporate hypermedia presentations into their lessons like Powerpoint, deaf children can read along or review the material at another time if needed. Adaptations for output devices include computers that can translate speech into text s... ...eachers who have access to computer hardware consultants as well as software experts who can assist them with meeting the needs of children with special situations can help their students adapt to a normal classroom environment. These technologies are so important because they prevent a child's disability from becoming and obstacle to learning to their education. REFERENCES Kauchak, Donald; Eggen, Paul; Carter, Candace (2002) Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Henniger, Michael L. (1999) Teaching Young Children, An Introduction. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Alaska State School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Anchorage School District Web Site: www.asdk12.org/parents/choices/sped7.asp

Censorship Essay -- essays research papers

Censorship Everyone has a voice and an opinion. Some people, unfortunately, are censored and denied the right to express their opinion because it is different. Because everyone thinks they are right, if something is new or different, it will, more often than not, be disliked because people do not like to hear new and different ideas. It is not right that some people can express their opinion and some are censored and cannot express their opinion because their opinion is different from the norm. Censorship is wrong because it denies an individual the chance to be heard simply because they have different ideas. It also restricts freedom of information, which is vital to the survival of Democracy. With censorship, moral, artistic, and intellectual growth would cease to exist, and people would have no choice to believe what the government tells them, because they would have no other sources of information to turn to. Nazi Germany used censorship as a prime tool to keep the average people ignor ant and promote anti-Semitism. The United States Constitution says in the First Amendment, â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦abridging the freedom of speech† (qtd. in Murphy) which means that any material in any medium; art, music, literature, spoken, cannot be altered by the government in any way. The people of the United States of America are free to express their opinion in any way, shape, or form without fear of repercussions from the government or others. Therefore, censorship is a violation of an American’s First Amendment rights. According to an article on Eric Nuzum’s website, after September 11th, a list of over 150 â€Å"lyrically questionable† songs was circulated to radio stations, urging restraint of these songs, â€Å"out of respect† for the dead. ( Nuzum). In the list, â€Å"all songs by Rage Against the Machine† was listed. Rage Against the Machine is a band famous for its controversial political views. Almost none of Rage’s songs bear reference to flying airplanes into buildings. There is no reason for all of their songs to be censored. This is an example of censorship. Silencing someone because of ideas that are different. Rage Against the Machine has a right to express their ideas without repercussions, and to censor all their songs from the radio is a violation of their right to free speech. According to an arti... ...any. It strips the common man of individualism, keeps him ignorant, and makes him a prime target for manipulation by malicious persons. Censorship has long been the tool of fascists, and totalitarian dictatorships who seek to use the common man for their own malicious intents. Censorship ensured that the Nazis had the German public in their grip as they bombarded them on a daily basis on how their lives had been improved from the day Hitler became Germany's leader. Nothing good has or will become of censorship. Murphy, Gerald. "Bill of Rights." Legal Information Institute. 14 Mar. 1993. Cornell U. 12 Feb. 2005 . Kingsbury, Alex. "A Windy War of Words." U.S News and World Report Feb. 2005: 16. Nuzum, Eric. "Sound Off: Our Attitudes Toward Music Parallel Our Belief in Freedom." Parental Advisory: Music Censorship in America. 30 Oct. 2001. 12 Feb. 2005 . Rovers, Ronald. "The silencing of Theo van Gogh." Salon. 24 Nov. 2004. 9 May 2005 http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2004/11/24/vangogh/index.html "Discriminate." Dictionary. 2000. 10 May 2005 . Alexander, Jeff. "Blue In The Face." Rock Out Censorship. 2003. 10 May 2005

Adventures of Tom Sawyer Essay

I had often been given a stern warning never to have anything to do with Jim. But whenever Dad repeated that warning, I was never as concerned with the implications of going against the rules, as with the consequences of abiding by them. Besides, I was not so foolish as to be caught crossing the borders because I knew only too well that Dad always meant what he said – or said what he meant – and that no single word from his mouth was meant for the trash can. In other words, I never knew him to beat around the bush as they say; he always hit the snake on the head, whenever he encountered one, that is. â€Å"We’re doing this for your own good,† he always said to us – my brother and I – before ordering us to make sure the house and the compound are as clean as a cow’s nose and cancelling our weekends’ time out with the other neighborhood kids or to the beach. â€Å"Ask Sawyer. † We all loved reading Mark Twain’s â€Å"Adventures of Tom Sawyer† but while my brother and I admired Sawyer, our parents saw the fruits of his mischief as a warning to us. Dad was the one who always spoke, while Mom silently nodded to every word as if Dad was reading the words directly from her mind. Mom never looked directly at us during such sessions. Instead, she looked at Dad all the while only darting a glance now and then from the corner of her eyes. She might have thought her motherliness would get in the way of justice if she ever saw eye-to-eye with either of her sons during those neither-too-long-nor-too-short lecture sessions, which I hated, probably even more than the punishment itself because as soon as they ended, Mom would get the courage to look us in the face and say â€Å"later† with a smile and Dad would wish us â€Å"a great weekend† as they drove off, towards fun. One such day, a Saturday, we discovered that we could take revenge for the punishment. The birds were not singing as joyfully as they used to and the clouds in the sky formed strange animal shapes. We needed something to lift our spirits, so we did the work hurriedly and sneaked out to join our friends from the neighborhood in one of my friend’s house, whose parents had gone on a weekend-long trip. It was party time! No parental guidance. No â€Å"don’t do this†, no â€Å"don’t do that†. Unrestricted freedom! Freedom like we wanted it! Many of our friends brought cans of beer, cigarettes and cigars stolen from their parents’ houses. We played hard rock and danced like little possessed witches and wizards, smoking like steam-engine trains and burning our guts with hard liquor, as if they did not belong to us. Some of my friends and my brother only had a few sips before they saw black and lay down, sprawled like chicken in the sun, while the rest of us, who had four stomachs, continued imbibing like real rockers. It was not long, however, before my eyes created Suzie’s identical twin and the can in my hand saw an opportunity to free itself as the stuff in my stomach erupted like a volcano. The last time I had a glimpse of Suzie, she was hanging in the air, and then someone cut the lights off! I woke up to a strange-looking ceiling – a snow-white ceiling. The smell was strange, too. So was the silence. But the strangest thing was that I felt like I was trapped in a borrowed body. I tried to move my arms and legs, but they were too weak to move. My head felt as heavy as sea sand, too heavy to lift. Someone softly touched my left hand. I turned my head slowly to face Mom and Dad and looked at the clock behind them. It read â€Å"10 0’clock†. Why was I in a hospital bed at ten in the morning? Immediately, my mind raced back. I remembered Suzie and her identical twin sister. No. Suzie did not have any sister, let alone a twin sister. I must have poisoned myself with hard liquor! I had ignored the implications of breaking the rules just to show Suzie I was a real man. I was not sorry for being too foolish to be caught, though. I was sorry because not only had I broke my parents’ rules, but also their hearts. Works Cited Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. California: University of California Press. 2002. Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Essay I will never forget the time I spent with Tom Sawyer, Huck Finn and Joe Harper on Jackson’s Island. We have always wanted to become pirates. Now that we have found the exact opportunity – Tom being scolded by Aunt Polly and Joe Harper having been whipped by his mother for tasting sour cream – we decided that it is now time to pursue our dream to become real pirates. In that way, we will be able to live a life of freedom and fame, and the whole town will hear about our names. The people who mistreated us will also feel sorry for what they had done. Our rendezvous is Jackson’s Island, which is three miles below the town of St. Petersburg. We met there at midnight. That became the start of our lives as pirates of the sea. Personally, I loved the idea of running away from home. I never had to go to school anymore. I didn’t need to follow rules anymore. And as Tom promised often, all we will need to do is to steal, kill and get rich. So when midnight came, the four of us met at Jackson’s Island. Each of us came with something stolen. Tom brought stolen ham, Joe had a one sided bacon and Huck had a skillet and some tobacco leaves. I brought stolen matches from my mom’s drawer. I figured that if we would stay long in the Island, we would need fire for our daily needs. Tom applauded me for bringing some matches. In those days, matches are not commonly used in St. Petersburg. Very few people had them. We found a raft about a hundred yards away. So we decided to have some fun with it and as usual, Tom was the captain. He commanded our pirate ship as we all pretended to be real pirates, using terms we have heard from sailors as well as lines from books we have read. We decided to settle in a virgin forest about two hundred yards above the head of the island. There, we spread our belongings and also built a huge bonfire. We cooked our ham, bacon and corn pone by roasting them in the fire. We ate and ate until we were so full. There was nothing like it. If the other boys in the village saw us that way, they would greatly envy us without a doubt. There was nothing like a pirate’s life. After eating, we lay down on the grass and talked for a while. Tom started to tell us stories about pirates – how extravagant they are, and how rich and famous. We started to ask him many questions about becoming a pirate. He simply told us that all we had to do was steal belongings and kill other people. In the midst of the conversation, Huck Finn began to smoke tobacco! I instantly followed him with that activity and smoked tobacco as well. Tom and Joe simply looked silently at us in amazement. For a long time now, they had wanted to learn how to smoke, but never had the opportunity. Only Huck and I could smoke. After much talking, we all fell asleep one by one. That was our first night as â€Å"pirates†. Tom was the first to wake up in the morning. The first thing we did was to strip ourselves off our clothes and bathe in the sea. After that, we got ready for breakfast. Joe began to slice bacon and would have cooked it, but Tom and Huck asked him to wait. I was the one who caught a couple of sun perch and catfish! We instantly cooked those fishes along with the bacon and they tasted so good. Then after eating, we lay down on the sand for a long time. Sadness started to creep in, but nobody dared to speak about it. Nobody wants to be accused of being a chicken heart. I think Tom was starting to feel homesick too, but he didn’t want to show his feelings. Our growing homesickness was interrupted when we saw a ferry boat afar off, shooting cannon over the water. This is a sign that somebody in the village got drowned. Shooting cannons over the water made drowned people come up to the top. For a while we wondered who got drowned, and then Tom suddenly had a brilliant thought. We are the ones who got drowned! The entire village was searching for us. Our parents missed us, and the other boys surely heard about us. The girls we admired are now talking about us too! We spent the rest of the entire day swimming, talking, eating and exploring the island. When night came, everyone went to sleep. When I woke up in the morning, Joe and Huck were still sleeping. Tom, however, was nowhere to be found. I looked at the spot where he slept and found a note. I opened the note and it read like this: â€Å"If I don’t come back by breakfast time, all my things are yours.. † Upon reading this, I woke Joe and Huck and showed them the note. We waited for Tom for about an hour but he never came. Huck supposed that Tom felt homesick and went back to Aunt Polly’s house. However, Joe defended Tom and said that he knew his friend would never do such a disgrace. Tom, according to Joe, knew the code of pirates and he is too proud to quit and go home just like that. I told Joe to start cooking breakfast and if Tom never returned by the time we ate breakfast, all his things will be ours. But just before we started to eat, Tom appeared dramatically and entered the camp. He had some news for us. He had â€Å"spied† on St. Petersburg and discovered that the whole town was talking about us – the lost pirates. If our bodies were not found until Saturday, our funeral will be pronounced that very Sunday. We instantly felt like heroes. Then suddenly I had a brilliant idea. What if we could make a comeback on the day of our funeral? Tom and the other pirates liked it very much. Tom slept until noon and when afternoon came, we started to plan our appearance at our funeral on Sunday. That Sunday, while the entire town mourned for us and as the minister preached his eulogy for the â€Å"dead boys†, we were hiding in an unused gallery behind the church as we listened to everything that was happening. Suddenly, we made our appearance to the crowd. Needless to say, everybody welcomed us dramatically. Our loved ones cried with joy. We were the talk of the town for several months and I will never ever forget it. It was the best day of our lives. Part 2: The Commentary The pirate boys led by Tom Sawyer built a community that they have entirely created amongst themselves. It is a community apart from the regular life they have known at St. Petersburg. We can safely say that Tom, Joe and Huck built their pirate community based on their childhood imagination. As young people in a simple town, where modern industrialized America has not yet fully penetrated, these three boys have an inclination towards idealism. Their idea of a perfect life is total freedom. Thus, they chose to pretend as pirates and imitate the pirate’s code of conduct in order to experience the life that they have always dreamed about. To them, escaping to Jackson’s Island is more of an escape from reality. Although they have romantic idealisms as pirates in a free world, the reality remains that in the town of St. Petersburg, they are children and they are not as powerful as they suppose themselves to be. Tom Sawyer is just a kid who can get whipped by Aunt Polly any time of day. He is a student who needs to go to school and study his lessons. He is part of society. So as we have stated, going to Jackson’s Island is an escape from reality. The boys thought that they can build a community on their own – apart from society, authority and responsibility. This thought is evident in Tom’s opening thoughts in Chapter 13: â€Å"Tom’s mind was made up now. He was gloomy and desperate. He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry†¦Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime. There was no choice. † (Twain, 1876). In the community that the boys built, each one played an important role. Tom was the leader because he was the one who provided the vision and insight about the life of a pirate. So in essence, he was providing direction for all of them. Almost everything they did during their getaway in the island was a product of Tom Sawyer’s imagination – based on what he read from books and his own thoughts and romantic dreams. Joe Harper, meanwhile was more of a follower. He also executes Tom’s orders. It is evident that Joe admired Tom for everything that he was. Joe once said: â€Å"No, Tom’s true-blue, Huck, and he’ll come back. He won’t desert. He knows that would be a disgrace to a pirate, and Tom’s too proud for that sort of thing. He’s up to something or other. Now I wonder what? † (Twain, 1876) Huck, meanwhile, is a symbol of the free life that Tom and Joe have always longed for. Huck didn’t need to go to school. He is a waif, a vagabond and he is not part of society. The other boys envied Huck because he can smoke tobacco while most boys in St. Petersburg – even Tom and Joe – cannot do that act. Although Tom was the leader, we can say that Huck is the role model for the entire community they have built for themselves. If, for Tom and Joe, the island getaway was an escape from reality, it was a normal day for Huck. He was probably used to going to different places all by himself. The simple community of Huck Finn, Joe Harper and Tom Sawyer was similar to adult communities in that they have a single driving force – the desire to live a life of freedom. If we look at history, almost all communities started with that single driving force. In any given community, there should be a leader, a follower and a symbol of inspiration. As these traits are respectively found in each of our characters, we may say that Tom, Huck and Joe are a perfect embodiment of American idealism. Although their deeds were shown in boyish manner, they represent a greater dimension which reflects the reality of adult life. As the saying goes, â€Å"Men are simply boys who grew up†. Works Cited: Twain, Mark (1993). The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer [electronic version]. New York: Project Gutenberg Ebooks. (Original work published 1876)

Information vs Knowledge Essay

1. The community elect is the community of economists. Some sources they rely on include academic journals, the news (on print, online, television, radio, and new(prenominal)s), dry land reports, economic selective information, and financial market analyses.2. iodine of the sources that could be taken as uncontaminated information is the economic selective information. Economic information sets of data that describe a unmarried miserliness or the international economy. These data sets are gathered through decimal information that are collected and computed statistically to give an accurate picture of the economy being studied.Economic data, in their raw(prenominal) form, is non analyzed, and even the analysis that stick with them are usually there to articulate the numbers to make them more comprehensible to the reader. This is information because it is the basis of association that hatful create since they are considered facts from which knowledge elicit be gained . Economists use economic data to gather information about the guinea pig that they are exploring and connect them with other data and past knowledge to form ideas, theories, recommendations, etc.tera hat would be helpful to their colleagues, policymakers, businesses, economics students, and even the common person. While near economic data agree with maven another, there are those that dont, depending on which organization does the statistic. The ends could confuse the readers as practically as those that agree help them in gaining more knowledge about the occurrence economy they are studying.3. Among these, the source that is in truth knowledge is the academic journal.Academic journals are works by experts on the welkin of focus of the journal (in this case, economics), and are lucifer check intoed by other experts on the field. These sources much become forums for academicians and experts since the authors of the articles in the journal usher in and present new rese arch that go over existing research. Experts, then scrutinize the books of authors who churn out their original research, review articles and even book reviews and it becomes a hub of theories, ideas, debate, etc.It then becomes easy to see wherefore this is knowledge. Based on Laniers dread of knowledge, that it is created through a persons interaction with her environment, her community, her social class, her history, her job, etc. intimacy cannot be created in a unbiassed or objective way that exists exterior of our real life situations. Journals reflect a persons ideas and experiences in comparison to the information they study and are often opinions based on facts.vThe correlation mingled with a persons worldview and arrest in explaining and the information that they have printed in a journal makes the medium a hub of knowledge from different economists.4. I look at that the community of economists, especially those in the hurrying echelons of the field, are alrea dy aware of the difference between knowledge and information in their field since information for them is usually sonorous quantitative data.But if they have not considered the difference, the problem that they can overcome in delineating one from the other is that they would be adapted to think more critically. Knowing that what they have is knowledge, they could accept it and draw their birth conclusions. Upon the knowledge that the source that they have is knowledge, they could add such(prenominal) sources in their own minds and create their own conclusions based on different perspectives and could each accept one and reject the other and just not let what they read overwhelm them.